影响我国母乳喂养持续时间相关因素的系统评价

Systematic review of factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in China

目的系统评价影响我国母乳喂养持续时间的相关因素,为相关研究和干预提供借鉴。方法计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane、维普、中国知网、万方和中国生物医学文献数据库,收集影响我国母乳喂养持续时间相关因素的文献。两名研究者对文献进行质量评价和资料提取,进行系统评价。结果共纳入17篇文献,分析结果显示,保护因素包括婴儿顺利吸食母乳、较长时间产假、母亲对合理母乳喂养时间的认可、坚持纯母乳喂养至6个月等;危险因素包括早产、剖宫产、半岁内添加辅食或牛羊奶、预计母乳喂养时间较短、泌乳Ⅱ期延迟、父亲吸烟、母亲对母乳喂养的认知程度较低等。分类为儿童基本特征、母亲基本特征、家庭社会经济环境等客观因素和母乳喂养的态度观念等因素。结论我国母乳喂养持续时间影响因素很多,部分因素的作用仍有不同评价,相关因素与母乳喂养持续时间的因果关系有待进一步验证。

Objective To systematically evaluate the factors that affect the duration of breastfeeding in China,in order to provide scientific basis for research and formulating intervention measures. Methods Web of Science,PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane,CBM,WF,VIP and CNKI databases were searched to collect the literature on the factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding in China.The quality of references was critically appraised and the data were extracted by two investigators independently for systematic review. Results A total of 17 references were included.The protective factors for breastfeeding included smooth breastfeeding of infants,extended maternity leave,mothers′ recognition of reasonable breastfeeding time,and adherence to exclusive breastfeeding to 6 months.The risk factors included premature,cesarean section,supplementary or mixed feeding within 6 months,expected shorter breastfeeding time,delayed lactation Ⅱ,father smoking and lower awareness of breastfeeding among mothers.These related factors were classified into the basic characteristics of children,the basic characteristics of mothers,the objective factors of society and family,and the attitude towards breastfeeding. Conclusions There are many factors influencing the duration of breastfeeding in China,and there are still different opinions on some factors.And the causal relationship between the factors and the duration of breastfeeding needs to be further verified.