新疆自治区贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿营养状况分析

Analysis on nutritional status of infants aged 6 to 24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Xinjiang

目的了解新疆自治区贫困地区6~24个月婴幼儿的营养状况,为及时采取营养干预措施提供科学依据。方法 2018年3-5月采用分层整群抽样法抽取13个贫困县3 837名婴幼儿进行血红蛋白测定、体格测量。结果 3 837名6~24月龄婴幼儿中低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、肥胖和贫血检出率分别为13.5%、23.5%、10.5%、7.8%和45.0%;不同月龄婴幼儿低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦和肥胖检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.969、80.878、31.540、11.912,P<0.01);不同性别婴幼儿生长迟缓差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.806,P<0.05);儿童看护人对儿童营养与喂养基础知识缺乏,非贫血组各项营养知识知晓率高于贫血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论新疆贫困地区婴幼儿营养状况结果离国家要求的水平还相差甚远,生长迟缓和贫血是新疆贫困地区6~24月龄婴幼儿面临的主要营养问题,加大婴幼儿喂养知识的宣传力度,适时添加营养补充剂,合理的辅食添加是减少营养不良和贫血发生的关键。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of infants aged 6 to 24 months in Xinjiang areas,in order to provide scientific reference for taking nutritional measures.Method Totally 3 837 infants aged 6 to 24 months were selected from 13 poverty-stricken counties by stratified cluster sampling,and their hemoglobin and physique were measured from March to May 2018. Results The detection rates of underweight,growth retardation,wasting and obesity were 13.5%,23.5%,10.5%,7.8% and 45.0%,respectively,which were significant different among children at different age groups(χ~2=20.969,80.878,31.540,11.912,P<0.01).The rate of growth retardation between male and female infants was significantly different(χ~2=8.806,P<0.05).Caregiver′s knowledge on nutrition and feeding was poor,and it was better in non-anemia group(P<0.01). Conclusions There is still a large gap between the nutritional status of infants and young children in poverty-stricken areas of Xinjiang and the average level the whole nation.In detail,the main nutritional problems faced by infants and young children aged 6-24 months in poverty-stricken areas of Xinjiang are growth retardation and anemia.Therefore,the key to reduce malnutrition and anemia is increasing the propaganda of infant feeding knowledge,taking nutritional supplementation in time and adding supplementary food reasonably.