内部脆弱与外部冲击下的黎巴嫩毒品问题

Lebanon Drug Problem under the Impact of Internal Fragility and External Crisis

黎巴嫩毒品问题由来已久并延续至今,对黎巴嫩的社会、经济、安全和全球禁毒斗争都产生了严重的消极影响。尽管黎巴嫩当局和国际社会不断加强禁毒工作,但黎巴嫩毒品问题仍未得到根本解决并呈现出日益扩张的趋势。究其原因,经济困顿是黎巴嫩毒品问题出现和扩张的内生根源;内战时期的经济崩溃刺激毒品经济空前增长;战后城乡差距的不断扩大导致毒品经济的复现。而该国教派冲突导致的政治碎片化局面又固化了毒品经济体系,政府治理能力缺失严重削弱了禁毒力度,真主党在毒品经济中的角色也不断显现。受2011年叙利亚危机爆发的影响,黎巴嫩脆弱的经济和政治环境进一步恶化,且真主党在叙利亚的影响和地位上升,诱使黎巴嫩毒品经济再度扩张。实现黎巴嫩毒品问题的有效治理,不仅需要政府采取更多禁毒措施,还要在相对和平稳定的地区环境下解决黎巴嫩深层次的政治经济问题。

The illicit drug problem in Lebanon,which has a long history and continues to this day,has had negative impacts on Lebanon’s economy,security and society and impeded the global anti-drug campaign.Despite efforts of the Lebanese government and the international community on drug control,it remains and even reveals a trend of expansion.Lebanon’s drug problem rooted in its economic hardship.The illicit drug economy witnessed unprecedented growth during the Lebanon Civil War because of the state’s collapsed economy,and its recurrence in the post-war period was due to the widening urban-rural gap.Besides,the political fragmentation in Lebanon,caused by sectarian clashes,had solidified the drug economic system.The government’s insufficient capability severely weakened the anti-drug efforts when Hezbollah has played a more important role in the drug trade.Since the outbreak of the Syrian Crisis in 2011,Lebanon’s drug economy has boomed again as a result of the deterioration of its fragile economic and political situations and Hezbollah’s rising influence in Syria.The effective governance of Lebanon’s drug problem not only requires the authorities’more measures on drug control,but also needs resolution of Lebanon’s economic and political issues in a peaceful and stable external environment.