英国创业型大学的内涵、标准及其建设策略——基于英国国家创业教育中心实践经验的分析

A Case Study of the Connotation,Standards and Construction Strategies of British Entrepreneurial University

自20世纪80年代以来,在教育成本上升、国家预算限制、就业压力增大和国际竞争激烈等挑战之下,由"研究型大学"向"创业型大学"的转型是英国高等教育改革与发展的必然趋势。本文旨在基于英国国家创业教育中心(NCEE)对于界定、评估与建设创业型大学的实践经验,从核心定义:什么是创业型大学、判定标准:如何评估创业型大学和建设策略:怎样建设创业型大学三个核心问题来述评英国创业型大学的建设与发展,以期为我国建设创业型大学提供启示与借鉴。英国在欧洲国家中最先开展创业教育,也是当今世界上创业教育比较成功的国家之一。探究英国创业型大学的内涵、标准与建设策略,有利于解决我国大学普遍存在的创业理念与文化淡薄、创业课程设置不合理、创业师资力量薄弱、创业项目类型单一和校外支持保障体系不完善等问题,促进大学创业教育的发展。

Since the 1980 s,under the challenges of rising education costs,national budget restrictions,increased employment pressure,and fierce international competition,the transition from "research universities"to"entrepreneurial universities"is the inevitable trend of reform and development of higher education in the UK. This article is based on the practical experience of the British National Centre for Entrepreneurship in Education( NCEE) in defining,evaluating and building entrepreneurial universities. The core definition focuses on "what is an entrepreneurial university". The criteria aim at how to evaluate entrepreneurial universities and construction. The strategies lie in how to build entrepreneurship. The three core issues are to review the construction and development of entrepreneurial universities in the UK,with a view to providing inspiration and reference for the construction of entrepreneurial universities in China. Britain is the first country in Europe to develop entrepreneurship education,which is also one of the countries in the world where entrepreneurship education is more successful. To explore the connotation,standards and construction strategies of British entrepreneurial universities is conducive to solving the generally weak entrepreneurial concepts and cultures of universities in China,as well as the unreasonable entrepreneurial curriculum,weak entrepreneurial faculty,single type of entrepreneurial projects and imperfect support system for off-campus problems,so as to promote the development of entrepreneurship education in universities.