复杂地形的标准耕作制度空间分布规律研究

Spatial distribution of standard cropping system in complex terrain areas

基于1981-2010年气象数据,利用ArcGIS地统计分析方法和多元线性回归模型,探讨了气候资源与地形要素之间的相关关系;并结合作物与作物组合的气候生态适宜性,提出了全国不同海拔高度下的标准耕作制度评价依据和县域尺度标准耕作制度评价结果.结果表明:积温随纬度增加呈现“先增后减”的空间变化规律,而且同一温度带内t年≥10℃积温变化量大于t年≥0℃积温变化量.年降水量与经度值呈正相关,与纬度值呈负相关,与海拔高度存在较为复杂的相关性.从地形复杂区标准耕作制度的变化规律和农业气象台站信息验证结果来看,一年三熟分布在边缘热带与亚热带的低海拔地区;一年二熟分布在暖温带(海拔高度低于600m)、北亚热带(海拔高度200~600m)和中亚热带(海拔高度300~1100m)地区;一年一熟分布在温带、北亚热带与中亚热带的高海拔地区.

Based on meteorological data during the period of 1981—2010,the correlation between climatic resources and topographic conditions was studied using geo-statistical analysis method of ArcGIS and the multivariate linear regression model.And according to the climaticecological suitability of crops and crop combination,this study proposed the evaluation basis of standard cropping system at different altitude levels in China and the evaluation results of standard cropping system at county level were proposed.The results showed that the spatial changes of annual accumulated temperature firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of latitude.Moreover,the changes of the annual accumulated temperature≥10℃are slightly greater than that of the annual accumulated temperature≥0℃in the same temperature zone.Annual precipitation is positively correlated with the longitude value,negatively correlated with the latitude value,but has a complex correlation with the latitude value.From the rules of standard cropping system in complex terrain areas and the verification results based on the messages of agricultural meteorological stations,the triple-cropping system is distributed in the Marginal Tropical Zone and the Subtropical Zones with the lower elevation.The double-cropping system is located in the Warm Temperate Zone(with the elevation less than 600m),the Northern Subtropical Zone(with the elevation of 200-600m),and the Mid-Subtropical Zone(with the elevation of 300-1100m).The single-cropping system is distributed in the Temperate Zones,the Northern Subtropical Zone and the Mid-Subtropical Zone with the higher elevation.