社会学王或社会学的政治?——论朗西埃对布尔迪厄的批评

Sociology-king or the Politics of Sociology:On Ranciere’s Criticisms of Bourdieu

20世纪80年代以来,法国思想家朗西埃对布尔迪厄提出了一系列批评,将后者塑造成了专断的社会学王的形象,"惯习–场域"的组合构成了固化社会等级秩序的工具。场域成为柏拉图城邦秩序的延续,哲学王的高贵谎言被转化为社会体的必须。社会学并未赋予研究对象足够的解放资源,从而委身于一种不平等的体制。本文在分析了两人在政治、教育、审美领域争论的基础上,认为朗西埃通过将平等(如政治平等、智识平等、审美平等)提高到一种超越性地位,从而批评布尔迪厄及其社会学在政治性维度上的不足。但这种批评忽视了布尔迪厄反思性社会学的政治性,从而也未意识到社会学在处理政治问题时的特殊之处。

Since the 1980s,Ranciere has put forward a series of criticisms on Bourdieu,regarding the latter as an arbitrary sociology-king,and the combination of"habitual-field"has become a tool to solidify the social hierarchy order.The field is the continuation of Plato’s polis order,and the noble lie of the philosophy-king is transformed into the necessity of social body.Sociology does not endow his object with enough emancipatory resources,and commit itself to an unequal system.This paper analyzes their disputes in the fields of politics,education and aesthetics,by elevating equality(such as political equality,intellectual equality and aesthetic equality)to a transcendental status,Ranciere criticized the lack of political dimension in Bourdieu and his sociology.But he neglects the political dimension of Bourdieu’s reflexivity,and fails to realize the special features of sociology in dealing with political issues.