历史仪式礼貌视阙下《左传》谏政辞研究

Jian Discourse in Zuo’s Commentary——A Ritual Theory-based Inquiry

本研究以《左传》中的谏政辞为语料,采用历史仪式礼貌的全新视角探讨谏政辞的语用特征和功能。研究发现,《左传》中看似相互矛盾的婉言曲谏和直言犯谏方式可以在同一仪式规程框架中兼容,具有独特的语用修辞效果和施事语力的说服性。其中引经据典、省略直接建议信息等为婉言曲谏的礼貌手段,而直接否定、祈使语气、反诘语气等则是直言犯谏的话语实现方式,两种进谏方式中仪式规程是首要关注动因,(不)礼貌是次要考虑因素。本研究从多维层面探讨先秦时期特定仪式规程中的建议言语行为——谏政辞,以期为汉语历史礼貌研究提供跨学科的路径和范式。

This paper explores the historical Chinese pragmatic act ofjian‘admonishing’through the lens of interactional ritual theo-ry.The inquiry reveals thatjianinZuo’s Commentaryoperates in a seemingly paradoxical way:it affords the advisor to simulta-neously deploy indirect and extremely direct forms of behaviour.The indirect means ofjianincludes quoting ancient texts andhistorical stories and omitting the head act of admonishment,while the direct means employing direct negation,imperative moodand rhetorical question.The research has revealed that injianpoliteness is backgrounded,however controversial this may soundin the setting of admonishing a ruler.By exploring the Chinese pragmatic act ofjianas a ritual form of behaviour,the paper in-tends to integrate historical pragmatic inquiries into the mainstream of Chinese studies.