旧城更新语境下公园城市营建的策略研究——巴塞罗那的实践经验

Planning Strategies of Park City under the Context of Urban Regeneration——Barcelona’s Practical Experience

生态文明时代公园城市成为未来的发展方向。鉴于存量优化提质的发展背景,旧城更新语境下如何营造公园城市成为重要课题。然而由于建成区密度较高,难以开辟新的绿色空间,更难形成有机联系的绿色网络;而且有些城市建设中忽略了与自然要素的呼应关系,造成“大湖之邑不见湖”或“依山之城难透绿”的尴尬局面;加之废弃地等消极空间影响城市环境质量,同时旧城往往缺少具有人文活力的公共空间形象。针对旧城更新语境下营建公园城市面临的上述问题,本文提出城景重构、城市针灸、腾笼换鸟、织轴成网、人文植入五大策略。本文以巴塞罗那为实证研究,借鉴其城市更新中对绿色公共空间体系的构建方法。巴萨罗那通过海岸线的优化利用以及山海大通道的建立,重构了山—城—海的融合关系;并以小尺度介入营造了大量微型绿色空间;通过废弃空间再利用激发城市活力,结合交通设施改造实行“绿轴计划”,进而形成了一个功能复合的公共活力网络;并通过艺术点缀彰显人文之城的气韵。

The concept of park city is becoming a popular trend in the era of ecological civilization.Under the context of built environment improvement,how to construct a park city during urban regeneration becomes an important topic.It is difficult to create extra green space or form a green network because of high density of built environment,and the relationship between natural landscape elements and urban space are not perfectly built.In addition,derelict land and other negative spaces affect the environment quality,and lack of cultural vitality is also a problem.Aiming at difficulties mentioned above,this paper puts forward five strategies,including Reconstruction,Acupuncture,Replacement,Weaving and Humanism.Taking Barcelona as an empirical study,this paper analyses the planning methods of green public space system during urban regeneration.On the one hand,through the optimization of coastline utilization and establishment of corridors connecting the mountain and the sea,the integration relationship between natural landscape elements and urban space is reconstructed in Barcelona.On the other hand,a large number of micro green spaces are created by small-scale intervention.In addition,urban vitality is stimulated through reuse of derelict land.Further more,combined with the reformation of transportation facilities,the"green axis plan"is implemented,forming a green network.Moreover,cultural atmosphere in Barcelona is created by using art to decorate public space.