旅游精准扶贫的基本做法、经验与对策——基于海南中部山区36个旅游扶贫重点村的考察

The Basic Practice,Experience and Countermeasures of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Tourism:Based on the Investigation of 36 Tourism Poverty Alleviation Villages in the Central Mountain Area of Hainan Province

基于对海南中部山区36个旅游扶贫重点村的考察,从扶贫对象、帮扶措施、帮扶过程、绩效考核四方面对海南旅游精准扶贫主要做法进行归纳。结果表明:特色产业是旅游扶贫的基石,就业务工是旅游扶贫的理想方式,乡村电商是旅游扶贫的重要力量,对口帮扶是旅游扶贫的重要方式,专业人才培训是旅游扶贫的重要突破口。目前旅游扶贫存在的不足主要是:对旅游扶贫本质的认识存在一定偏差,对旅游扶贫难度的分析不深入,旅游扶贫理念滞后并存在错位现象,缺乏合理的利益分配机制和有效的风险防控机制。为提高旅游扶贫效益,提出如下建议:培育热带海岛山地生态旅游品牌,提升区域旅游吸引力;以特色产业为基础,打造扶贫产业群;精心施策,有效解决制约乡村旅游发展的核心痛点问题;完善旅游扶贫机制,构建“政企民”共建模式;提升贫困人口的技能。

Based on the investigation of 36 main tourism poverty alleviation villages in the central mountainous area of Hainan Province,this paper sums up the main measures of tourism poverty alleviation in Hainan from four aspects:poverty alleviation objects,assistance measures,assistance process and performance evaluation.The results show that characteristic industries are the cornerstone of tourism poverty alleviation,employment is the ideal way of tourism poverty alleviation,rural e-commerce is an important force of tourism poverty alleviation,counterpart assistance is an important way of tourism poverty alleviation,and professional personnel training is an important breakthrough of tourism poverty alleviation.At present,the main deficiencies of poverty alleviation through tourism are as follows:deviations still exist in understanding the essence of poverty alleviation through tourism;analysis of the difficulty of poverty alleviation through tourism is not in-depth;the concept of poverty alleviation through tourism lags behind and has dislocation phenomenon;there is a lack of reasonable benefit distribution mechanism and effective risk prevention and control mechanism.In order to improve poverty alleviation through tourism,the following suggestions are put forward:cultivating tropical island mountain eco-tourism brands and enhancing the attraction of regional tourism;on the basis of characteristic industries,building poverty alleviation industry clusters;taking careful measures to effectively solve the core pain points restricting the development of rural tourism;improving the mechanism of poverty alleviation and building a co construction mode of“government,enterprise and people”;upgrading the skills of the poor.