人工智能对制造业价值链分工的影响效应研究

Research on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Manufacturing Value Chain Specialization

研究目标:利用工业机器人数据深度解析人工智能对全球价值链的影响效应。研究方法:通过人工智能与全球价值链行业层面数据的对接,构建人工智能与全球价值链的计量模型,运用普通最小二乘法、两阶段最小二乘法、交互项方法等进行经验研究。研究发现:首先,总体而言,人工智能提升了一国行业全球价值链参与程度与分工地位,这一促进效用主要是通过降低贸易成本、促进技术创新、优化资源配置实现的。与资本配置效率相比,人工智能对劳动力配置效率的促进作用更明显。其次,从国家异质性视角分析,人工智能促进了全球价值链竞争的先动优势,同时发现,一国数字贸易开放度越高,人工智能对全球分工的促进作用越明显。总之,人工智能的发展,对优化一国产业结构、提升全球价值链竞争力至关重要。研究创新:在完成人工智能与全球价值链数据对接的基础上,探索人工智能的发展对全球价值链的影响效应,并从贸易成本、技术创新与资源配置等不同视角检验人工智能对全球价值链的影响机制。研究价值:为全球价值链影响因素的相关研究提供了新的研究视角,为人工智能相关政策制定提供经验证据。

Research Objectives:Using industrial robot data to deeply analyze the effect of Artificial Intelligence on global value chain.Research Methods:Realizing the docking of AI data and global value chain data at the industry level,the paper constructs the econometric model of artificial intelligence and global value chain,applies ordinary least square method,two-stage least square method and interactive term method to conduct empirical research.Research Findings:Firstly,generally speaking,the development of AI improves the participation degree and position of a country's industry global value chain,which is mainly achieved by reducing trade costs,promoting technological innovation and optimizing resource allocation.Moreover,compared with the efficiency of capital allocation,artificial intelligence plays a more significant role in promoting the efficiency of labor allocation.Secondly,from the perspective of national heterogeneity,artificial intelligence promotes the first-mover advantage of global value chain competition,and finds that the higher the openness of a country's digital trade,the more obvious the role of artificial intelligence in promoting global value chain.In a word,the development of artificial intelligence is important to optimize a country's industrial structure and enhance the competitiveness of global value chain.Research Innovations:On the basis of data docking between AI and GVC,this paper explores the impact of AI development on GVC,and examines the impact mechanism of AI on GVC from the perspectives of trade cost,technological innovation and resource allocation.Research Value:It provides a new perspective for the research on the influencing factors of global value chain,and provides empirical evidence for the policy-making of artificial intelligence.