“以心见仁”:陆九渊政治哲学思想初探

"Expressing Benevolence by Mind":A Preliminary Study of Lu Jiuyuan′s Political Philosophy

陆九渊的政治哲学思想,以“仁道”为范畴、以“仁心”为出发点、以“仁政”为体现、以三代之治为理想形态。他的思路是,在形上层,打通本心与天地生生之仁;在形下层,将本心落实到具体的政治实践。具体而言,其体现为两个方面:其一,之于民,阐发了“民贵君轻”“贵使民生”“以仁变法”的三项民本原则;其二,之于君,提出了“格君心”的政治主张。

Lu Jiuyuan′s political philosophy takes"benevolent way"as the most important category,"benevolence"as the starting point,"benevolent government"as the representation,and the administration of the three dynasties as the ideal form.His way of thinking is to connect the mind with the heaven and earth′s endless benevolence at the metaphysical level,and to implement the mind into concrete political practice at the physical level.Specifically,it is performed in two ways:one is to the people,which elaborates the three people-based principles:"the people are the most important element in a nation","enriching the people""and"reforming polices through benevolence";the other is to the monarch,which advocates the political idea of"rectifying what is wrong in the sovereign′s mind".