论晚年孙中山“民族建国”思想中的“民族”问题

On the“Nation”in the Idea of“National State Building”in Sun Yat-Sen’s Late Life

晚年孙中山主张建立一个“大中华民族主义”的“民族国家”或“大中华民国的国族主义”的“民族国家”。他的“大中华民族主义”中的“大中华民族”,是以汉族为中心、为主体,同化满、蒙、回、藏等其他少数民族,并通过汉族的改称而形成的;他的“大中华民国的国族主义”中的“国族”,实际上指的就是汉族。因此,它们所体现的都是孙中山自清末以来就具有的大汉族思想倾向的民族观和国家观。而大汉族思想倾向的民族观和国家观具有历史局限性,不符合中国的具体国情。

In his late life,Sun Yat-Sen argued to build a“national state”with“nationalism of grand Chinese nation”or“nationalism of grand Chinese Republic”.His grand Chinese nation was a nation with the Han people as its center and majority,assimilating the Man,Meng,Hui and Tibet people,and meanwhile changing its name Hanzu汉族into Zhonghuaminzu中华民族.The“nation”in the“nation with nationalism of grand Chinese Republic”actually refers to the Han nationality.The two kinds of nationalism are the manifestation of his concept of nation and state with the Han chauvinism shaped in late Qing period.Due to its historic limitation the concept is not in line with Chinese national conditions and realities.