基本权利保护范围的界定

Defining the Protection Scope of Fundamental Rights

明确基本权利的保护范围,是对国家干预基本权利的行为进行合宪性审查的前提。要准确界定基本权利的保护范围,需对法律上形成的保护范围和事实上形成的保护范围作出区分。前者主要由立法界定,后者主要通过解释确定。国家通过立法界定基本权利的保护范围,先要确定基本权利的核心,并围绕基本权利的核心形成保护范围,同时还要考虑国家履行基本权利保障义务的可能性;针对事实上形成的保护范围,宜采狭窄的界定思路,并对保护范围的事实领域和保障领域分别进行解释。基本权利的内在限制是基本权利保护范围的固有边界。在界定基本权利的保护范围时,内在限制不可逾越,否则将导致立法违宪或解释违宪的后果。

Defining the protection scope of constitutional rights is the prerequisite of constitutional review of the state’s intervention in constitutional rights.To accurately define the protection scope of constitutional rights,it is necessary to distinguish between the de jure protection scope and the de facto protection scope.The former is mainly defined by legislation,whereas the latter is mainly determined by interpretation.In defining the protection scope of constitutional rights through legislation,the state must determine the core of constitutional rights firstly and define the protection scope around the core of constitutional rights.At the same time,it must also consider the capacity of the state for fulfilling its obligation of guaranteeing constitutional rights.With respect to the de facto protection scope,it is advisable to adopt a narrow definition and give separate interpretations to the factual field and guaranteed field of the protection scope.The inherent limitation of constitutional rights is the inherent boundary of the protection scope of constitutional rights,which cannot be overstepped when defining the protection scope.Otherwise it will lead to unconstitutional legislation or unconstitutional interpretation.