鄂尔多斯景观格局演变与景观生态网络优化研究

Analysis of Ordos Landscape Pattern and Spatial Optimization

以鄂尔多斯市为典型研究区,以2000、2005、2010、2015、2018年研究区景观格局数据和气象水文数据为研究素材,基于复杂网络理论、景观生态学和GIS空间分析技术,定量研究鄂尔多斯市景观格局的时空演变规律,并探究各级子流域的水源涵养深度,再将研究区景观格局演变数据和生态水文数据与由多个决定景观特征的因子构建的景观生态网络进行耦合分析,为研究区景观格局优化及生态环境建设提供参考。结果表明:在研究期内鄂尔多斯市的耕地不断减少,林地、草地、水域和建设用地均有一定程度的增加;景观演变主要是耕地、林地和水域之间的转化,林地、水体的景观演变最为剧烈,耕地、草地和建设用地相对平稳;鄂尔多斯地区整体水源涵养能力偏低,相对而言,东部地区的水源涵养能力高于西部地区,随着时间的推移,水源涵养深度高值逐渐南移;构建的鄂尔多斯市景观生态网络共342个生态节点、402条生态廊道,基于度低者优先的增边策略增加了119条廊道;优化后的网络连通度和连通鲁棒性均明显提升,网络中生态流更为畅通。

Ordos City was chosen as a typical study area,landscape pattern data and meteorological and hydrological data from 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2018 were taken as the study material.Based on complex network theory,landscape ecology and GIS spatial analysis technology,the spatial and temporal landscape pattern evolution of Ordos and the water sources depth in various sub-watersheds were quantitatively analyzed.The data of landscape pattern evolution and ecological hydrology were coupled with the landscape ecological network constructed according to the multiple factors that determined the landscape characteristics,which provided reference for the landscape pattern optimization and ecological environment construction in the study area.The results showed that arable land in Ordos City was decreasing,woodland,grassland,waters and building land was increased to some extent over the study period.Landscape evolution occurred mainly between arable land,woodland and waters,with the most dramatic landscape evolution occurring in woodland and waters,and it was relatively stable in arable land,grassland and building land.The overall water retention capacity of Ordos region was low,with the eastern region relatively stronger than the western region.Over time,the high values were gradually shifted southward.There were 342 ecological nodes and 402 ecological corridors in the Ordos landscape ecological network,with 119 corridors added based on the strategy of adding edges with the lowest priority.The optimized network connectivity and connectivity robustness were significantly improved,and the ecological fluidity in the network was smooth.