基于农业可持续发展的锦西灌区灌溉水资源配置研究

Irrigation Water Resources Allocation in Jinxi Irrigation District Based on Agricultural Sustainability

为探索不确定环境下通过灌溉水资源优化配置方法促进灌区农业的可持续发展,选取黑龙江省锦西灌区为研究区域,以随机规划、多目标规划等方法为基础展开研究。结果表明:优化后不同供水情景下,灌区灌溉总耗水量节约1.3~3.9亿m^3,灌溉水资源生产力提高0.85~1.01 kg/m^3,可促进农业经济效益增长0.18~6.90亿元,且优化后各配水方案中生态配水量控制在0.4亿m^3以上,降低农业污染物排放量1.28~3.13万t,灌区农业生产环境显著改善。优化后,不同情景、不同模糊隶属度函数所对应的各灌溉水资源配置方案的经济效益、生态效益、社会效益均存在明显差异,不确定性要素对灌区农业可持续发展影响显著。以农业经济效益、水资源利用均衡性指数、农业水分生产力、农业污染物排放强度、GWP排放量以及农业水资源利用比率为主要指标,对优化后各配水方案的综合可持续性进行分析,确定各供水情景下的最优配水方案,最优方案的可持续性指数均高于0.4。最优配水方案可在稳定灌区粮食产量的基础上,有效提高水资源利用效率,改善灌区生态环境,保障灌区农业的可持续发展。

In order to explore the method of promoting the agriculture sustainability in irrigation area under uncertainties through the optimization of irrigation water resources allocation,the methods of stochastic programming and multi-objective programming were used to carry out studies in Jinxi Irrigation Area in Heilongjiang Province and the following results were obtained:based on the optimization,the total irrigation water consumption was saved by 1.3×108 m^3 to 3.9×108 m^3 and the irrigation water productivity was increased by 0.85 kg/m^3 to 1.01 kg/m^3.At the same time,the agricultural economic benefitswas increased by 1.8×107 yuan to 6.9×108 yuan.The ecological water allocation was more than 4×107 m^3 and the reduction value of agricultural pollutant was 1.28×104 ton to 3.13×104 ton,therefore,the degree of agricultural sustainability in irrigation areas was improved effectively.Otherwise,the benefits of economic,ecological and social among the optimized irrigation water resources allocation policies had obvious differences which was caused by the influence of uncertain factors on the agriculture sustainability.The comprehensive agriculture sustainability of the optimal water allocation policies was analyzed from the aspects of economics benefits,water resources allocation equity,agricultural water resources productivity,agricultural pollutant intensity,GWP and agricultural water resources utilization ratio.Based on the above analysis,the optimal water allocation scheme under each scenario can be determined.Moreover,the sustainability degrees of optimal scheme were all more than 0.4,which meant that the optimized water resource allocation scheme can effectively enhance agriculture sustainability by stabilizing grain yield,improving the efficiency of irrigation and protecting ecological environment in the irrigation areas.