碳纳米管负载金属纳米粒子的研究进展

Research Progress of Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Metal Nanoparticles

碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes, CNTs)具有优异的导电性能、导热性能和高的热稳定性。将具有独特催化性能、导电导热性能的金属纳米粒子(metal nanoparticles, M-NPs)负载至CNTs表面形成复合材料,可以广泛应用于催化和热管理领域。综述了国内外制备负载M-NPs的CNTs的研究现状,包括共价和非共价两种方式功能化CNTs再负载M-NPs和直接通过化学气相、物理和电化学沉积等方法将M-NPs负载至CNTs上。共价功能化的CNTs表面虽然可以将其他物质分子永久稳定地连接,但是sp2到sp3的杂化过程导致电子结构重组,改变了CNTs原有的电子离域,破坏了CNTs的热学、光学等本征特性,因此使用非共价改性的方法,不仅可以保持CNTs原有的结构和性能,而且不会破坏π共轭体系。M-NPs直接负载至CNTs表面的方法中绿色简便,可大规模推广制备的是混合加热法,不需要添加其他溶剂,也不需要任何精密仪器,就可以使金纳米粒子均匀密集高效地负载至CNTs表面生成复合材料。由此可见,更加绿色高效的M-NPs修饰的CNTs复合材料制备方法在能源、环境和热管理领域的应用前景越来越光明。

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and high thermal stability. Metal nanoparticles(M-NPs) with unique catalytic properties, electrical and thermal conductivity are loaded on the surface of CNTs to form a composite material, which can be widely used in the field of catalysis and thermal management. The research status of the preparation of CNTs loaded with M-NPs at home and abroad are summarized, including covalent and non-covalent functionalization of CNTs, the loading of M-NPs, and direct chemical vapor deposition, physical deposition, and electrochemistry deposition methods to load M-NPs onto CNTs. Although covalently functionalized CNTs can permanently and steadily connect other molecules on the surface of CNTs, the hybridization process of sp^2 to sp^3 leads to the reorganization of the electronic structure, changing the original electronic delocalization of CNTs and destroying the thermal properties of CNTs, optical and other intrinsic characteristics, so non-covalent modification methods can be used, which can not only maintain the original structure and performance of CNTs, but also will not destroy the π-conjugated system. The green and simple method of directly loading M-NPs onto the surface of CNTs can be prepared on a large scale by the hybrid heating method, without the need to add other solvents or any precision instruments, so that the M-NPs can be uniformly dense and efficient loaded onto the surface of CNTs to produce composite materials. It can be seen that the application prospect of greener and more efficient metal nanoparticle modified CNTs composite materials in the fields of energy, environment and thermal management is getting brighter.