新时代农村残疾人福利需求变化及政策调适

Changes of Welfare Needs of Rural Disabled People and Policy Adjustment in the New Era

福利需求是福利主体凭借自身能力或市场手段无法满足而需要社会和政府采取特别干预才能实现的一种基本“需要”。从“需求侧”角度分析,新时代农村残疾人福利需求正在发生变化,即需求心理从“弱者心态”向“权利主张”变化;需求内容从“物质福利”向“精神福利”变化;需求类型从“生存型福利”向“发展型福利”变化。为了回应这一新变化,农村残疾人福利政策在理念上应彰显权利,确立“以农村残疾人为中心”的政策理念;在内容上应强化“精神福利”,优化农村残疾人福利结构;在类型上应构建“发展型福利”,推动农村残疾人福利政策转型升级,不断满足农村残疾人对美好生活的需要。

Welfare demand is a basic“need”that welfare subject can’t meet by its own ability or market means and needs special intervention from society and government.From the perspective of“demand side”,the welfare needs of rural disabled people are changing in the new era.That is to say,the psychology of demand changes from“weak mentality”to“right claim”;the content of demand changes from“material welfare”to“spiri⁃tual welfare”;the type of demand changes from“survival welfare”to“development welfare”.In response to this new change,the welfare policy of rural disabled people should show their rights and establish the policy concept of“focusing on rural disabled people”.In terms of content,it should strengthen“spiritual welfare”and optimize the welfare structure of rural disabled people.In terms of type,it should build“developmental welfare”and pro⁃mote the transformation and upgrading of the welfare policy of rural disabled people,and constantly meet the needs of rural disabled people for a good life.