论中国的贫困治理与人权主流化

On Poverty Governance and Mainstreaming of Human Rights in China

中国的贫困治理取得举世瞩目成就,以人权视角透视,其意深远。"人权主流化"提供了一种双向观察的视角,既可以在人权的"万花筒"中观察减贫,又可以反转"镜头",透过减贫理解人权,特别是通过贫困治理所引发的"治理革命"来观察人权在整个国家治理中的地位和发展趋势。以人权视角审视贫困治理可以发现,脱贫攻坚已成为一项重大的"人权工程",减贫的话语、目标和方法已带有清晰的人权印记,并且最终转化为免于贫困权利在生存和发展两个维度的权利实现。透过贫困治理审视人权能够发现,脱贫攻坚中贫困治理方式正在发生变革,它隐含了一种"基于人权的发展观",并且在民主参与和多元化治理趋势中激发了公民的主体性,撬动并推进着国家治理领域的人权主流化和国家治理的深层变革。这些迹象、趋势如何在后脱贫攻坚时代推及更广泛的治理领域并获得更多制度支撑,仍会是一个考验。

China has made remarkable achievements in poverty governance.It is of far-reaching significance to observe and interpret poverty reduction in China from the perspective of human rights.Mainstreaming human rights provides a two-way perspective of observation.It can help observe poverty reduction in the"kaleidoscope"of human rights,and also can help understand human rights through poverty reduction,in particular,observe the status and development trend of human rights in national governance through the"governance revolution"triggered by poverty governance.An examination of poverty governance from the perspective of human rights will reveal that poverty alleviation has become a major"human rights project".The discourse,goals and approaches to poverty reduction have been marked with human rights imprints,and they are ultimately translated into the realization of the right to be free from poverty in the two dimensions of survival and development.To examine human rights through poverty reduction will reveal that the way of poverty governance is changing,which implies a development view based on human rights,and stimulates the subjectivity of citizens in the trend of democratic participation and pluralistic governance.The above change drives and advances the mainstreaming of human rights in the field of national governance and the deep change of governance.Definitely,how these signs and trends continue to thrive in a broader field and obtain more institutional support after 2020 in the post-poverty alleviation era.