解析消除贫困与人权的关联性之争议

An Inquiry into the Controversy on the Relationship between Poverty Eradication and Human Rights

贫困问题与人权密切相关,这是因为贫困必然是实现和享有人权的最大障碍,一个国家理应根据本国国情采取积极的制度和措施来消除贫困,保障人人有权共享发展成果。我国坚持消除贫困是人权的重要内容,但西方自由主义的人权理论则对此存有争议。自由主义的人权观在消除贫困方面存在减贫意愿、能力和实践的缺陷,无法真正解决贫困问题,终究不能有效地保障其公民发展的基本人权。我国奉行以人民为中心的人权理念,消除贫困的国家政策合乎国际人权法框架,在消除贫困工作中把社会主义制度优势转化为国家治理效能,促进全国人民减贫脱贫,真正保证了我国公民的基本人权。中国的消除贫困实践符合中国特色人权发展道路,丰富了新时代中国特色社会主义人权理论体系,是马克思主义人权理论和中国历史传统在实践中的统一。

Poverty is inherently related to human rights because poverty is the greatest obstacle to the realization and enjoyment of human rights.A sovereign country should take active measures to eradicate poverty based on its national conditions and ensure that everyone has the right to share the fruits of development.China insists that poverty eradication is an essential part of human rights.However Western liberalism-based human rights theories have some disputes over the relevance between poverty and human rights.There are deficiencies with the liberalism-based view of human rights when it comes to poverty eradication,involving the willingness,capability and practice,making it difficult to address poverty and protect citizens’ basic human rights to development.In comparison,China pursues a people-centered view of human rights.Poverty eradication policies of Chinese government conform to the framework of international human rights laws.China firmly promotes poverty eradication and transforms the advantages of the socialist system into the effectiveness of state governance.Those efforts advance poverty reduction and protect the basic human rights of citizens in a real sense.China’s practice of poverty eradication is in line with the development path of human rights with Chinese characteristics,which enriches the theoretical system of socialist human rights with Chinese characteristics in the new era and embodies the unification of the Marxist human rights theory and Chinese historical traditions in practice.