公司法何以进步?——以美国进步主义思潮与公司法的两段跨世纪互动为镜鉴

How is the Corporate Law Progressing?A Mirror of America the Two Cross-century Interaction between Progressive and Corporate Law

进步主义与公司法因一百余年前公司力量的崛起而发生初次交汇,并呈现出一条从“肯定公司力量兴起”到“分散公司力量集中”再到“抚平公司所造社会创伤”的发展脉络。20世纪末,因敌意收购浪潮的兴起,公司法的进步主义被再度叙说并增设反公司法经济分析、公司行为的公共利益导向以及质疑公司目标“股东利益最大化”三个崭新情节。任何公司法进步主义改革都可能是对传统认知的彻底改变,需付出巨大成本并在政治观念、经济体制、关联部门法等做联动调整。目前公司法进步主义不再只是学术层面的兴趣问题,进步主义立法议程也在逐步开展。这场以公司法为靶向的革命未来是乐观的,若想实现我国公司法的进步化,进步运动中仍有一些经验和策略值得学习,那便是:考虑我国社会主义制度以及党组织参与公司治理的政治现实与社会主义市场经济现实;提升公司法研究方法、议题多元性;吸收更多主体的参与以及倾听女性声音,发挥女性的价值。

Progressiveism and corporate law first met at the rise of the company′s strength more than a hundred years ago,and presented a trend from“affirmation of the company′s strength”to“distributing the company′s strength”to“healing the company′s social trauma”.At the end of the 20th century,due to the rise of the hostile wave of acquisitions,the progressiveism of the company law was re-narrated and added to the economic analysis of anti-corporate law,the public interest orientation of corporate actions,and the three new plots that challenged the company′s goal of maximizing shareholders′interests.Any progressive reform of corporate law may be a radical change in traditional cognition,which requires huge costs and linkage adjustments in political concepts,economic systems,and related sectoral laws.At present,corporate law progressiveism is no longer just an issue of interest at the academic level,and the progressive legislative agenda is gradually being developed.The revolutionary future targeted by the company law is optimistic.If we want to realize the progress of our company law,there are still some experiences and strategies worth learning in the progress movement.That is,we should consider the political reality and socialist market economy reality of China′s socialist system and the participation of Party organizations in corporate governance;enhance the diversity of research methods and topics of company law;absorb more subjects′participation and listen to women′s voice,so as to give full play to women′s value.