汉语口语体连词和正式体连词的语法对立

The Grammatical Opposition between Chinese Oral Conjunctions and Formal Conjunctions

汉语连词有语体之分,正式语体占比较多,口语体较少。口语连词和正式体连词在语义特征、句法位置和韵律特征方面均存在语法对立。口语连词保留词汇义,而正式体连词空泛、虚化。正式体连词多居于句首,口语连词则位于主语前后兼可。口语连词中含有单音节和轻声,正式体连词则多为双音节;口语连词后停顿很少,而正式体连词后大多可以停顿。正式体连词和口语体连词的这些对立均与其语体属性的对立息息相关,并遵循着一些语体语法规则。

Chinese Conjunctions can be divided into two styles:formal style accounts for the most part and spoken style the least.There are grammatical opposites in meaning,syntactic position and prosodic features between colloquial conjunctions and formal conjunctions.Oral conjunctions retain lexical meaning,while formal conjunctions are vague.Formal conjunctions are often at the beginning of sentences,and the subject of oral conjunctions can be both before and after.Oral conjunctions contain monosyllabic and neutral tones.Formal conjunctions are mostly disyllabic,and there are few pauses after oral conjunctions,while more formal conjunctions can be stopped.In addition,conjunctions in formal form are often used in pairs,which can realize the repetition and balance of disyllabic steps in rhythm.