微生物菌肥对熏蒸剂处理后土壤微生态的影响研究进展

Research progress on the effect of microbial fertilizers on soil microecology after soil fumigation

土壤熏蒸是防治土传病害的有效手段,但化学熏蒸剂在杀死病原微生物的同时也会对有益微生物群落的组成与活性造成影响。微生物菌肥不仅能够减少农作物的病虫害侵染,而且能够改善农产品的品质与产量。将土壤熏蒸剂与微生物菌肥配合使用将有利于连作土壤修复、土壤-植物微生态环境的改良与重塑。一方面,土壤熏蒸剂用于消灭前茬作物遗留下的土壤病原物,给土壤进行消毒处理;另一方面,施用微生物菌肥给"纯净"的土壤环境输入有益菌群,引导更利于植物生长的土壤微生态环境(土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落结构)形成。本文简述了土壤熏蒸剂、微生物菌肥以及微生物菌肥介入熏蒸后的土壤对土壤理化性质、土壤酶系及土壤微生物群落变化的研究进展,旨在系统解析微生物菌肥对经熏蒸剂处理后土壤微环境变化的影响,以期为解决连作障碍、防治土传病害、恢复植物根际功能提供相关理论与技术参考。

Soil fumigation is an effective method for preventing soil-borne diseases.Chemical fumigants can kill pathogenic microorganisms.However,it is also harmful to the composition and activity of beneficial microbial communities.Microbial fertilizers can not only reduce the infestation of crop diseases and insect pests,but also improve the quality and yield of agricultural products.The combination of soil fumigants and microbial fertilizers will be beneficial to the continuous restoration of soil after fumigation,soil-plant micro-ecological environment improvement and remodeling.On one hand,the soil fumigants are used to eliminate the soil pathogens left over from the previous crops,which will disinfect the soil.On the other hand,the input of microbial manures bring beneficial microorganisms to the"pure"soil environment and guide the formation of soil micro-ecological environment(soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community structure)which will be beneficial to the growth of plant.This article reviewed the research progress of soil fumigants,microbial fertilizers and microbial fertilizers applied after fumigation on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme system and soil microbial community changes.This review systematically analyzed the effects of microbial fertilizers on soil microenvironment changes after treated with fumigant,in order to provide relevant theoretical and technical references for solving continuous cropping obstacles,preventing soil-borne diseases,and restoring plant rhizosphere function.