炎症性肠病患儿饮食行为现况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of dietary behaviors of children with inflammatory bowel disease

目的调查炎症性肠病(IBD)患儿的饮食行为现况,探讨其排除饮食种类,筛选出不合理饮食行为,并分析导致其行为的相关原因,为今后制定个体化的饮食健康教育方案提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2018年1月—2019年12月南京医科大学附属儿童医院消化科就诊及住院的60例IBD患儿及其主要照护者为调查对象,采用自行设计的"IBD患儿饮食行为调查问卷"对其展开调查,并对IBD患儿饮食行为的影响因素进行单因素分析与多重线性回归分析。总计发放问卷60份,有效回收50份,有效回收率为83.3%。结果本研究IBD患儿健康饮食行为得分(34.68±2.77)分,标准分为(86.70±6.91)分。文化程度和居住地是IBD患儿主要照顾者饮食行为得分的影响因素(P<0.05)。主要照护者对排除饮食的态度方面,存在缺少粗纤维食物、乳制品等不合理的排除饮食行为。结论IBD患儿饮食行为总体情况较好,但仍存在一些不合理饮食行为和过度依赖排除饮食现象,其照护者的文化程度和居住地是主要影响因素。建议医护人员在制定饮食健康教育方案时强调个体化,达到规范IBD患儿饮食行为、促进生长发育、减少症状恶化及复发的目标。

Objective To investigate the current status of dietary behaviors of children with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),explore the types of exclusion diet,screen out unreasonable dietary behaviors,and analyze the reasons leading to their behaviors,so as to provide a basis for developing individualized dietary health education plan.Methods From January 2018 to December 2019,convenience sampling was used to select 60 IBD children who were treated and hospitalized in the Gastroenterology Department and their main caregivers of the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University as research subjects.All subjects were investigated with the self-designed IBD Patients Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire.Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed on the influencing factors of the dietary behavior of IBD children.A total of 60 questionnaires were issued and 50 were validly recovered with a valid recovery rate of 83.3%.Results The score of dietary behaviors of IBD children was(34.68±2.77),and the standard score was(86.70±6.91).Education level and residence were the effects of the dietary behavior scores of the main caregivers of children with IBD.In terms of the attitude of the main caregivers to the exclusion diet,there were unreasonable exclusion behaviors such as lack of crude fiber food,and dairy products.Conclusions The overall dietary behaviors of IBD children are relatively good,but there are still some unreasonable dietary behaviors and excessive reliance on the exclusion diet,and the main influencing factors include the education level and residence of their caregivers.It is recommended that medical staff emphasize individualization when formulating dietary health education plan to achieve the goal of standardizing the dietary behavior of IBD children,promoting growth and development,and reducing symptom deterioration and recurrence.