上海市生活垃圾焚烧大气污染物排放特征与排放系数研究

Study on Emission Characteristics and Emission Coefficients of the Air Pollutants from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in Shanghai

近年来随着我国城市生活垃圾焚烧处理量的逐步增加和焚烧技术的进步,系统全面地研究生活垃圾焚烧主要大气污染物的排放水平情况,可为生活垃圾焚烧厂的大气污染管理、环境管理部门相关总量控制及大气污染溯源决策提供科学依据。通过对焚烧烟气手工实测的方法,对上海市采用主流焚烧工艺及烟气治理措施的5家生活垃圾焚烧厂所排放烟气中的颗粒物、SO2、NOX、CO、HCl、重金属、二噁英类等污染物的排放状况和变化特征进行分析;结合焚烧厂生产资料与实测现场工况,对各项大气污染物的排放系数进行了估算。结果表明,15种检出大气污染物均实现达标排放,颗粒物与气态污染物的排放浓度水平最高(mg/m^3),其次为重金属类(μg/m^3),二噁英类的排放浓度在ng/m^3毒性当量;贡献最大的三种烟气重金属成分为As、Pb和Cr;仅二噁英类的排放浓度显示出冬季值高于夏季值的季节特征。城市生活垃圾焚烧烟气中颗粒物、SO2和NOX的排放系数值在十年间有不同程度的降低,目前的平均值分别为10.95 g/t、31.87 g/t和611.09 g/t;烟气重金属成分的排放系数仍以As、Pb和Cr为高,平均值分别为12.05 mg/t、22.60 mg/t和17.56 mg/t;二噁英类的排放系数为0.1608μgTEQ/t。

Based on the manual measurements of the flue gases,the emission characteristics of the particulate matter,SO2,NOX,CO,HCl,twelve heavy metals and eleven dioxins in the flue gases of five representative municipal solid waste incineration factories in Shanghai were investigated.The emission coefficients of all the detected air pollutants were estimated using synchronously recorded operation condition data of the incinerators.The results showed that all the fourteen detected air pollutants in the municipal solid waste incineration flue gases met their local emission standards.The emission concentrations of the air pollutants were distributed at three levels:mg/m^3 for PM and the gases,μg/m^3 for the heavy metals and ngTEQ/m^3 for the dioxins.The three heavy metal components that contributed the most were As,Pb and Cr in the flue gases.Emission concentrations of the dioxins indicated a seasonal characteristic that the winter value is higher than the summer value.The emission coefficients of PM,SO2 and NOX in the incineration flue gases have decreased to different degrees in the past ten years,and the current average values were estimated to be 10.95 g/t,31.87 g/t and 611.09 g/t.The emission coefficients of As,Pb and Cr were still the highest among the heavy metals,which were 12.05 mg/t,22.60 mg/t and 17.56 mg/t,respectively.The emission coefficient of the dioxins was estimated to be 0.1608μgTEQ/t.