《莱茵河2020年行动计划》实施效果评估结果及《莱茵河2040年行动计划》主要内容——对编制黄河生态环境保护规划的启示

“Rhine 2020 Action Plan”Implementation Assessment Results and the Contents of“Rhine 2040 Action Plan”——Implications to the Compilation of Yellow River Ecological Environmental Protection Plan

19世纪的莱茵河流域与现阶段的黄河流域在污染排放、生态破坏、洪灾频发等方面面临相似问题。莱茵河流域的成功治理离不开规划发挥的重要引领作用,从规划层面系统梳理莱茵河流域从19世纪至今发布的三大规划:《莱茵河行动计划》《莱茵河2020年行动计划》和《莱茵河2040年行动计划》,深入分析其阶段性目标、实施效果和主要特点,最后提出借鉴莱茵河规划编制经验,推动“黄河生态环境保护规划”编制的政策建议:科学合理确定黄河流域生态环境保护目标指标体系,逐步推进配套标准和技术指南建设;突出问题导向,实施水资源、水环境、水生态、水灾害为一体的流域综合管理;建立健全流域监测制度,统一监测标准、提升监测能力,以监测为抓手促进政府、企业、公众共同参与流域治理。

The Rhine River Basin in the 19th century faced similar problems with the Yellow River Basin in terms of pollution discharge,ecological damage,and frequent floods.The successful governance of the Rhine can be largely attributed to the significant role of the Rhine planning.This paper introduced three major planning of the Rhine from the 19th century,including"Rhine Action Plan","Rhine 2020 Action Plan"and"Rhine 2040 Action Plan",analyzed their goals,implementation effects and main features,and finally put forward policy recommendations for the compilation of“Yellow River Ecological Environmental Protection Plan”,which include scientific and reasonable determination of targets and indicators in the Yellow River plan,gradually promote the establishment of supporting standards and technical guidelines,be problem oriented and implement integrated watershed management integrating water resources,water environment,water ecology,and water disasters,establish watershed monitoring systems with unified standards and improved capacity,and take monitoring as a starting point to promote the joint participation of the government,enterprises and the public in basin governance.