山地丘陵区林州市的国土空间格局与生境演变分析

Analysis of land spatial pattern and habitat evolution in mountainous and hilly areas of Linzhou

针对山地丘陵区国土空间格局快速演变及生态环境安全问题,以林州市为例,利用林州市1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年土地利用数据,采用土地转移矩阵、景观格局指数、INVEST模型分析林州市国土空间转化类型及时空格局特征、景观格局下的生态退化程度。结果表明:(1)1990-2015年间,生活空间逐年增加,生产空间减少,生态空间小幅度波动变化。生产空间用地减少了3.23%,其中转为生活空间用地的面积占其减少面积的89.67%,转为生态空间用地的面积占其减少面积的10.53%。(2)1990-2015年间,虽然林州市生态空间用地增加,但是生活空间用地的进一步扩张,使得斑块破碎化程度加大,景观连通性减弱。各土地利用类型中,城镇生活空间集聚程度较高,生产、生态空间用地破碎化程度逐渐加大。(3)1990-2015年间,林州市由于国土空间格局的改变引起景观格局趋于破碎化,从而导致生境退化程度不断增加,其中中心城区的生境退化程度最高,是林州市未来规划发展的敏感区域。

In view of the rapid evolution of geographical space and the threat of ecological environment in mountainous and hilly areas,Linzhou City is taken as an example.Based on the land use data of 1990,2000,2010 and 2015 in Linzhou City,the transferring matrix of land use,landscape pattern index and INVEST model were used to analyze the types of geographical space,characteristics of spatial-temporal pattern and degradation degree of ecosystem under the landscape pattern.The results are as follows.(1)From 1990 to 2015,the living space of Linzhou City increased year by year,and the production space of Linzhou City decreased,but its change range of ecological space was small.The land for production space decreased by 3.23%,of which the area converted to living space accounted for 89.67%,and the area converted to ecological space accounted for 10.53%.(2)From 1990 to 2015,although the land use of ecological space in Linzhou increased,the land use of living space expanded further,which led to a much higher degree of plaques fragmentation and a decreased landscape connectivity.Among the land-use types,urban living space was highly concentrated,and degree of plaques fragmentation of land for production and ecological space was gradually becoming higher.(3)From 1990 to 2015,the landscape pattern of Linzhou City tended to be fragmented due to the change of geographical space,which led to a serious ecological and environmental deterioration.The ecological and environmental deterioration of downtown is the most serious problem,and it is a sensitive area for the future planning and development of Linzhou City.