量子信息技术研究现状与未来

Research status and future of quantum information technology

量子信息技术是量子力学与信息科学融合的新兴交叉学科,它的诞生标志着人类社会将从经典技术迈进到量子技术的新时代,本文将阐述量子信息技术的研究现状与未来.文中描绘了量子技术发展远景,即筑建各种类型的量子网络,包括量子云计算网络、分布式量子计算、量子传感网络和量子密钥分配网络等.量子计算机已从实验室的研究迈进到企业的实用器件研制,目前已发展到中等规模带噪声量子计算机(noisy intermidiate-scale quantum, NISQ)的阶段.在量子技术时代,没有绝对安全的保密体系,也没有无坚不摧的破译手段,信息安全进入"量子对抗"的新阶段.

Quantum information technology is an emerging interdisciplinary field of quantum mechanics and information science, whose birth will promote a new era of human intelligence from classical technology to quantum technology. This paper elaborates on the research status and future of the field of quantum information technology. Moreover, this paper shows the vision of quantum technology, i.e., the construction of various types of quantum networks, including quantum cloud computing networks, distributed quantum computing, quantum sensor networks, and quantum key distribution networks. Quantum computers have transformed research from the laboratory to the development of practical devices led by these enterprises. Currently, research and development of quantum computers have shifted to the stage of noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers(NISQ).In the era of quantum technology, there is no absolutely secure secrecy system or omnipotent way of deciphering Information and information security has entered a new stage of "quantum offense and defense."