非独立创作作品权利归属规则研究

A Study of the Right Adscription Rules of Non-independent Works

非独立创作作品的智力要素与资本要素来源于不同主体,并基于合同联结起来。为了将资本要素的贡献者纳入权利主体,关于权属规则的立法例有拟制作者、出资移转、直接配置三种。三种方式所使用的核心范畴是作者与原始著作权人。其中,作者是文化概念,原始著作权人则是法学或经济学概念,两者具有不同的内涵与价值,因而具有分离的正当性。我国现有的著作权权属规则存在着体系分裂症。拟制方式会破坏我国一以贯之的作者观,使作者蜕变为一个指代符号,是最劣的表达方式。出资移转方式不符合我国的立法传统。直接配置方式将创作合同的双方主体构造为著作权法上的双主体,且不损害我国现有体系的完整性与社会认可的正义观念,具有面向产业利益的包容性与合理性。

The intellectual and capital elements in non-independent works are derived from different subjects separately,which are bound closely together through contracts.In order to make capital contributors subjects of rights,there are three vertical legal regulations,including fictitious author,transfer by contribution and direct grant of copyright.The kernel conceptions of these three ways are author and initial copyright owner.While author is a cultural concept,initial copyright owner is a legal or economic concept,which has different connotations and values.Thus there is a legitimacy of separation.Our system of attribution rules is split.Fiction will be disruptive to authorship notion and make authorship become a symbol,which is the worst way of expression.Transfer by contribution does not conform to our traditional expression of legislation.Relatively,the mode of direct grant which makes two sides of creation contract become double subjects in copyright law,without prejudice to integrity of our existing system and the concept of justice accepted socially,is widely inclusive and reasonable for the industry interests.