浅议我国探矿权制度改革

Study of reform of prospecting rights system in China

自2020年5月1日起(有效期三年),我国全面推进矿业权竞争性出让,除协议出让外,对其他矿业权以招标、拍卖、挂牌方式公开竞争出让。严格控制矿业权协议出让,稀土、放射性矿产勘查开采项目或国务院批准的重点建设项目,自然资源主管部门可以协议方式向特定主体出让矿业权。基于矿山安全生产和资源合理开发利用等考虑,已设采矿权深部或上部的同类矿产(《矿产资源分类细目》的类别,普通建筑用砂石土类矿产除外),需要利用原有生产系统进一步勘查开采矿产资源的,可以协议方式向同一主体出让探矿权、采矿权。这意味着绝大数探矿权,需要通过招拍挂方式获得,对此,笔者认为弊大于利。

According to the relevant documents,from May 1,2020 to April 30,2023,China comprehensively promoted the competitive transfer of mining rights.In addition to the agreement transfer,other mining rights will be openly competed through bidding,auction and listing.Strictly controlled the transfer of mining rights by agreement,for rare earth,radioactive mineral exploration and mining projects or key construction projects approved by the State Council,the natural resources authority may transfer mining rights to specific entities by agreement.Based on the consideration of safe production of mines and rational development and utilization of resources,similar minerals in the deep or upper part of the established mining rights(the categories of“Mineral Resources Classification”,except for ordinary construction sand and soil minerals),it needs to use the original production system to further for prospecting and mining of mineral resources,the prospecting rights and mining rights may be transferred to the same subject by agreement.It means that the vast majority of prospecting rights need to be obtained through bidding,auction and listing.In this regard,the author believes that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.