极端气候与岩溶塌陷

Extreme climate and sinkhole

近年来,极端气候事件特别是极端干旱和强降雨事件呈现不断增多增强的趋势,已成为岩溶区诱发大型岩溶塌陷的重要因素。通过对典型极端气候事件诱发岩溶塌陷的分析,岩溶塌陷动力条件对极端气候响应迅速,极端气候导致地表径流灌入式补给岩溶含水层,使下伏地下河系统径流速度、水气压力发生急剧变化,进而导致溶洞及充填物发生突发性失稳破坏,产生水击(气爆)、地震等效应,最后导致溶洞顶板发生大规模垮塌、地面塌陷产生。

In recent years,extreme climate events,especially extreme drought and heavy rainfall events,have become an important factor to induce large-scale sinkholes in karst areas.According to the analysis of sinkholes induced by typical extreme climate events,the dynamic conditions of karst collapse respond rapidly to extreme climate.Extreme climate leads to the recharge of karst aquifer by surface runoff,which makes the runoff velocity and water gas pressure of the underlying underground river system change rapidly,which leads to sudden instability of karst cave and filling materials,water hammer(gas explosion),earthquake and other effects,and finally leads to large-scale collapse of cave roof and ground collapse.