改革开放以来我国扶贫政策话语研究——基于语用学理论的分析视角

Research on Policy Discourse of Poverty Alleviation in China since the Reform and Opening-up——A Pragmatics Analytical Approach

党和政府颁布的宏观性政策文件对于规范和引导我国贫困治理的战略选择和工作进程具有重要作用。在此背景下,学界主要将扶贫政策作为解释和论证我国贫困治理的事实依据来源。然而,从政策本身出发,考察政策文本所建构的言语系统如何形塑我国贫困治理的方向和方式,进而建构扶贫工作的制度体系却并未成为研究重点。随着公共政策话语研究的日趋成熟,本文以语用学理论为分析视角,在梳理、整合既有公共政策话语分析方法的基础上,构建了一个涵盖政策语句与语篇的话语分析框架,并对改革开放以来中央颁布的六个典型扶贫政策进行了分析。研究发现,我国的扶贫政策通过不同类型、不同逻辑顺序的语句和语篇来传递公共政策言说主体的政策目标、态度和价值取向,从而实现对政策执行主体意识和行为的规范、约束和引导,最终达到"以言行事"和"以言取效"的目的。进一步地,通过整合不同类型的政策话语,可以总结出我国政策话语的基本特征及其意涵,以及公共政策发挥其话语功能的作用机制。

The macro policy documents issued by the party and the government play an important role in standardizing and guiding the strategic choice and working process of poverty governance in China.Under this background,the academic community mainly takes the poverty alleviation policy as the factual basis source to explain and demonstrate China’s poverty governance.However,starting from the policy itself,how the discourse system constructed by the policy text shapes the direction and way of poverty governance in China,and how to construct the system of poverty alleviation work has not become a research focus.Based on the pragmatics theory,this paper systematically sorts out and integrates the methods of public policy discourse analysis,and constructs an analytical framework.Then,six typical documents issued by the central government since the reform and opening-up are selected as the research objects to conduct discourse analysis from the two levels of policy statements and policy texts.The study has found that China’s poverty alleviation policy by different types,different logical sequence of statements and discourse to transfer policy as the main body of public policy objectives,attitude and value orientation,so as to realize the policy implementation of subject consciousness and behavior norms,constraints,and guidance,and finally achieve the goal of"illocutionary acts"and"perlocutionary acts".Further,by integrating different types of policy discourse,we can summarize the basic features and implications of China’s policy discourse,as well as the mechanism by which public policy plays its discourse function.