胃癌相关基因及靶向治疗的研究进展

Research Progress of Related Genes and Targeted Therapy for Gastric Cancer

胃癌仍是目前发病率和致死率较高的一种消化道恶性肿瘤,基于胃癌发病隐匿,早期症状并不明显,特异性生物标志物尚且缺乏等,大部分患者就诊时已进入进展期。药物是目前针对进展期胃癌治疗的最佳选择。近年来,随着放化疗技术的进步及新药的研发,胃癌患者的生存率已经有了一定的提高,但化疗药物不良反应较大,对人体伤害大,且部分化疗药物存在耐药问题,致使胃癌的治愈率和5年生存率仍不容乐观。某些基因发生改变可促进胃癌的发生发展。随着精准医疗的广泛推进,关于基因分子靶向精准治疗方面的研究层出不穷,并且在临床中已经取得了一定的成效。靶向药物具有作用精准、不良反应小的优点,将是未来广泛推广的药物。

Gastric cancer is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor still with high incidence and mortality at present.Because of the lack of the early symptoms and specific biomarkers,most of the patients have developed into advanced stage when diagnosed.Drug therapy is currently the best treatment for advanced gastric cancer.In recent years,the survival rate of gastric cancer patients has been improved to some extent with the progress of radiotherapy and chemotherapy technology and the development of innovative drugs.However,the cure rate and 5-year survival rate are still not optimistic,because of the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs,great damage to human normal tissues,and drug resistance of some drugs.The mutation or increase of some genes might promote the development of gastric cancer.With the development of precision medicine,there are many researches on gene targeted precision therapy,and some achievements have been made in clinical.Targeted drugs have the advantages of precise function and less side effects,and will be widely used in the future.