儿童高血压的诊断及测量

Diagnosis and Measurement of Hypertension in Children

高血压作为全球性问题,已成为致病率最高的疾病之一。随着人们生活水平及饮食结构的改变,儿童高血压的发病率也显著增加。儿童高血压发病隐匿、早期症状不明显,导致就诊率不高。由于诊断标准、测量方式及种族等多方面的差异,儿童高血压发病率的差异较大。儿童高血压可发展为成人高血压,且易造成多种靶器官损害(心、脑、肾等器官损伤)。按照病因不同高血压可分为原发性高血压和继发性高血压,而原发性高血压的危险因素主要包括超重/肥胖、盐摄入等。近年来,儿童高血压备受关注,相关研究也取得了一定进展,但诊治现状仍无显著改善。

As a global problem,hypertension has become one of the most pathogenic diseases.With the changes in living standards and eating habits,the incidence of hypertension in children has also increased significantly.The onset of hypertension in children is concealed and the early symptoms are not obvious,resulting in a low rate of clinic visits.Prevalence estimates are highly variable because of differing standards,populations,and the measurement methods.Hypertension in children can develop into adult and it is easy to cause damage to a variety of target organs(such as heart,brain,kidney etc).According to the cause,hypertension can be categorized as primary or secondary.Risk factors for primary hypertension include overweight/obesity,high sodium intake,etc.In recent years,hypertension in children has received much attention,and the relevant research has made some progress,but the status of diagnosis and treatment is still not significantly improved.