经典名方中升麻类药材的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on Classical Prescription of Cimicifugae Rhizoma

升麻为临床常用药材,然历代所用品种复杂、屡有变迁,有必要通过对其进行系统深入的考证,正本清源,为含有升麻药材的不同历史时期经典名方开发提供参考。以历代本草、医籍方书为基础,结合现代文献资料及著作,对经典名方中所用升麻类药材的名称、基原、道地产地、品质、药用部位、采收加工及炮制的变迁进行系统梳理,考证结果表明古代药用升麻的来源主要为升麻Cimicifuga foetida L.,次为兴安升麻C.dahurica(Turcz.)Maxim.、大三叶升麻C.heracleifolia Kom.及其他非正品植物,建议在开发升麻类药材经典名方时优先采用升麻Cimicifuga foetida L.为主要药用基原。然目前升麻野生资源较少,尚未实现人工栽培,需尽快开展升麻的人工驯化。采收加工炮制方法可参考《中华人民共和国药典》。

Cimicifugae Rhizoma is a common clinical medicinal material whose varieties are complex in the past dynasties,changes frequently.In order to provide reference for the development of Cimicifugae Rhizoma in different historical periods,it is necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth research.This article made a textual research on the changes of the name,origin,genuineness,quality,medicinal parts,harvesting,proccessing and concocting of the traditional Chinese medicine of Cimicifugae Rhizoma on the basis of ancient Chinese herbs and medical books,combined with modern literature and works.According to the research,the source of ancient medicinal Cimicifugae Rhizoma were mainly from Cimicifuga foetida L.,followed by C.dahurica(Turcz.)Maxim.,C.heracleifolia Kom.and other non authentic plants.It is suggested that C.foetida should be used as the main drug base in the development of classic prescriptions of Cimicifugae Rhizoma,However,there are few wild resources and artificial cultivation has not been realized,so it is recommended to carry out artificial domestication of Cimicifugae Rhizoma as soon as possible,and the method of collection,proccessing and proccessing should follow the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.