经典名方中麦冬的本草考证

Herbal Textual Research on″Ophiopogonis Radix″in Chinese Classical Prescriptions

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书、经史等文献,对古代经典名方中所用麦冬药材的名称、基原、产地、采收加工、炮制历史沿革及变迁情况进行了系统的本草考证,为经典名方开发中涉及麦冬的取样及研究等提供依据。经考证可知,古代麦冬入药基原有沿阶草属(Ophiopogon)和山麦冬属(Liriope)多种植物,主流为麦冬O.japonicus(L.f)Ker-Gawl.、山麦冬L.spicata(Thunb.)Lour.var.prolifera Y.T.Ma.与阔叶山麦冬L.muscari(Decne.)Baily。浙江自宋代起成为麦冬优质产区,明代成为麦冬的道地栽培产区。清代起四川发展为麦冬的另一道地产区。明代及之前麦冬强调去心加工,然清代以来麦冬心亦入药使用。基于考证结果,建议经典名方中涉及麦冬药材以麦冬O.japonicus块根为来源,结合生产实际可不进行去心加工,并参考《中华人民共和国药典》规定进行炮制。

This study made a systematic textual research on the historical evolution and changes of the name,origin,producing areas,harvesting time and processing methods of Ophiopogonis Radix used in ancient classic prescriptions by referring to the literature of ancient herbs,medical books,prescriptions,ancient classics and history,so as to provide a basis for the sampling and research of the medicinal materials involved in the development of classic prescriptions.Through textual research,it can be seen that the medicinal base of Ophiopogonis Radix in ancient times was originally a variety of plants of Ophiopogon and Liriope,and the main stream was O.japonicus(L.f)Ker-Gawl.,Liriope spicata(Thunb.)Lour.var.prolifera Y.T.Ma.and L.muscari(Decne.)Baily.Since Song Dynasty,Zhejiang province has become a high-quality production area of Ophiopogonis Radix and a genuine cultivation area in Ming Dynasty.Sichuan has developed into another geo-authentic habitat of Ophiopogonis Radix since the Qing Dynasty.The processing of Ophiopogonis Radix in Ming Dynasty and before stressed on removing the core,but since Qing Dynasty,the core has also been used as medicine.Based on the results of textual research,it is suggested that tuber root of O.japonicus should be used as the source of Ophiopogonis Radix in the classical prescription.According to the production practice,it is not necessary to remove the core,and the processing should refer to the Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China.