磁共振弥散加权成像技术、体素内不相干运动磁共振成像技术在糖尿病肾病诊断中的应用研究进展

Research progress on application of diffusion weighted imaging and introvoxel incoherent motion in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy

糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)的主要慢性微血管并发症之一,既往DN的早期诊断主要依靠病史、实验室检查及肾活检。但实验室检查容易受到生理和病理等多方面的影响,而肾活检为有创操作,难以被患者接受,所以探索新的用于早期诊断DN的技术意义重大。磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)和体素内不相干运动磁共振成像(introvoxel incoherent motion MR imaging,IVIM-MR)通过检测活体组织内水分子的布朗运动,间接反映组织微观结构的变化,能够从细胞及分子水平研究疾病的病理生理状态,可能给DN的诊断带来新的手段。本文就近年来DWI和体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)技术对DN诊断的进展进行综述。

Diabetic nephropathy(DN)is one of main chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus(DM).Previous early diagnosis of DN mainly relied on medical history,laboratory examination and renal biopsy,but laboratory examination was easily affected by physiology,pathology and other factors.Renal biopsy was invasive and difficult to be accepted.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore new technologies for early diagnosis of DN.Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging(DWI)and intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging(IVIM-MR)can indirectly reflect the changes of tissue microstructure by detecting the Brownian motion of water molecules in living tissues,and can study the pathophysiological status of diseases at the cellular and molecular levels.It may bring new methods to the diagnosis of DN.This article reviews the progress of application o DWI and IVIM in the diagnosis of DN in recent years.