自然资源国家所有权属性及其实现机制——以自然资源确权登记为视角

The Nature and Realization Mechanism of National Ownership of Natural Resources——From the perspective of natural resources registration

自然资源国家所有权一方面作为私法上的所有权,所要解决的问题依然是资源的归属问题,这与私人所有权没有本质区别。与此同时国家所有权作为社会主义公有制的法律表现形式,其肩负着实现社会公平、提高资源利用效率同时亦须维持生态平衡和社会可持续发展等公共利益方面的功能,因此与私人所有权相比其受到公法的约束与限制更加广泛。关于国家所有权之性质的不同学说,其目的均在于解决国家所有权在实践中所产生的困境。然而解决之道,并非在于对国家所有权性质的追问上,而在于基于其功能定位而建构行之有效的行使机制:确立国家所有权的谦抑性原则;设立独立于监管机构的所有权行使代表;构建完善的多层次自然资源使用权体系。

On the one hand, as an ownership defined by private law, the state ownership of natural resources still needs to solve the problem of ownership of resources, which has no essential difference with private ownership. At the same time, as the legal manifestation of socialist public ownership, state ownership shoulders the functions of realizing social equity, improving resource utilization efficiency, and maintaining ecological balance and social sustainable development. Therefore, compared with private ownership, state ownership is more restricted by public law. Different theories about the nature of state ownership aim to solve the dilemma of state ownership in practice. However, the solution is not to question the nature of state ownership, but to construct an effective exercising mechanism based on its functional orientation: to establish the principle of modesty of state ownership;to set up a representative of ownership exercising independent of regulatory agencies;to construct a perfect multi-level system of the right to use natural resources.