从变体到方法:中国传统园林与当代建筑实践

From Variant to Method:Chinese Traditional Gardening and Contemporary Architectural Practice

中国传统园林代表了中国人对自然诗意栖居的理想,它作为一种建筑类别,为中国当代的建筑设计提供了重要的思路和依据。冯纪忠的方塔园规划和设计中引用了中国传统园林的造园思想和手法,贝聿铭的苏州博物馆抽象化转译出中国传统园林中的组成元素,吴良镛的南京江宁织造府博物馆以缩小的园林——盆景作为建筑空间的呈现,在这三个案例中,我们能够看到中国园林的传统形式与符号的延续。1999年在第20届UIA国际建筑师大会上,王澍提出“园林方法”后,当代中青年建筑学者开始尝试将中国传统园林可行、可观、可居、可游的特性引入建筑设计中,用当代的建筑语言来表达传统园林的精神和要旨,王澍的重返自然、董豫赣的城市山林、葛明的园林六则、李兴钢的几何胜景,都体现了建筑师们对中国园林的深层次理解与运用,为当下的建筑实践带来了更多的人文精神和传统情怀。从形式上的直接承续,到“园林方法”的提出和实践,中国传统园林的生命力在当代建筑设计实践中得到了丰富的呈现并产生了积极的影响。

Chinese traditional gardens represent the ideal of Chinese people to live poetically in nature.As an architectural category,Chinese traditional gardening provides an important reference and basis for Chinese contemporary architectural design.Feng Jizhong utilized the traditional gardening technique in his planning and design of Fangta Garden.Ieoh Ming Pei emploied some elements of Chinese traditional gardens when working on Suzhou Museum,and Wu Liang‑yong adopted the method of miniature gardening in designing the layout of Jiangning Imperial Silk Manufacturing Museum.Traditional forms and symbols of Chinese gardens can be found in the three cases of contemporary gardening.In 1999,at the 20th UIA International Architect Conference,Wang Shu proposed“gardening method”.After that,the contemporary middle‑aged and young architectural scholars have attempted to take characteristics of Chinese traditional gardening into consideration in their architectural designs to convey the spirit and gist of Chinese traditional gardening with contemporary architectural language.Wang Shu's idea of“returning to nature”,Dong Yugan's idea of“urban forest”,Ge Ming's gardening method and Li Xinggang's idea of“geometric views”reflect the architects􀆳deep understanding and application of Chinese gardening culture,which brings more humanistic and traditional mentality to the current architectural practice.From the direct continuation in form to the proposal and practice of“gardening method”,the vitality of Chinese traditional gardening is richly presented in the contemporary architectural design practice with positive impacts.