冷冻胚胎属性的界定和失主胚胎权利归属的探讨

Discussion on the definition of frozen embryo and the ownership of lost embryo

本文从胚胎的性质和道德地位界定了胚胎的属性,胚胎不应该被视作财产或商品,并且从法律角度论证了胚胎具有物权和人格权客体的属性。胚胎是一种特殊的物,并且权利人可以通过辅助生殖技术使用胚胎实现生育自主决定的权益,这使得冷冻胚胎具有人格权客体的属性。针对失主胚胎问题,本文从自主性和相称性这两个规则分析论证了对于失主胚胎的处置问题,认为在不违背胚胎处置的自主性和相称性这两个重要基本规则的前提下,胚胎“原主人”的双方父母可以取得失主胚胎的处置权,但处置权的行使要受到法律和伦理的约束。

This paper defines the nature of embryo from its nature and moral status.Embryo should not be regarded as property or goods,and from the legal point of view,it demonstrates that embryo has property right and personality right.Embryo is a kind of special property.The right holder can use embryo to realize the reproductive right through assisted reproduction technology,which makes frozen embryo have personality right.According to the two rules of autonomy and proportionality,this paper analyzes and demonstrates the disposal of the lost embryo.It holds the opinion that the parents of the“original owner”of the embryo can obtain the right to make disposition of the lost embryo,but the exercise of the right should be restricted by law and ethics.