台湾当局“去中国化”政策变迁研究——基于历史制度主义的分析

Changes of Taiwan Authorities’“De-sinicization”Policy——The analysis from the perspective of historical institutionalism

自李登辉推行伊始,岛内“去中国化”政策就处在不断的变迁之中。但现有研究多集中于某一时期或者某一面向的“去中国化”现象进行分析,忽视了对这一政策变迁的分析。基于历史制度主义的环境、制度、行动者的分析框架,“去中国化”政策的形成与存在时间序列关系的两蒋时期推行压制台湾本土文化的政策、政治转型开启后“本土化”成为制度变革的一个选项、李登辉的上台执政等三个因素有关。“去中国化”政策变迁的动力是台湾民众“国家认同”的异化、政策变迁的模式以强制性变迁为主但又融合了诱致性因素、政策变迁的路径属于渐进性变迁路径。此外,由于“退出成本”、“学习效应”、“协调效应”与“适应性预期”等因素的存在,使得“去中国化”政策变迁具有路径依赖特征。

Since Lee Teng-hui promoted the“de-sinicization”policy,the“de-sinicizat-ion”policy has been in constant change.However,the existing research focuses on the analysis of the phenomenon of“de-sinicization”in a certain period or a certain aspect,ignoring the analysis of this policy change.Based on the analysis framework of historical institutionalism consisting of environment,institution,and actor,the formation of the“desinicization”policy was caused by the policies of suppressing Ta-iwan’s native culture during Chiang Kaishek and Chiang Ching-kuo period,“Locali-zation”became a choice for institutional transformation after the political transformation started,and Lee Teng-hui’s“governance”.At the same time,there is a time series relationship between these three factors.The driving force for the“de-sinicization”policy change is the alienation of the“national identity”of pepole in Taiwan,the pattern of policy change is dominated by mandatory change,but it also contains induced factors.The path of the“de-sinicization”policy change is a gradual change path.In addition,due to the existence of factors such as“exit costs”,“learning effects”,“coordination effects”and“adaptive expectations”,the“desinicization”policy change has the characteristics of path dependence.