战后美国对台湾地位的认知演变及介入政策的形成——以1945-1950年美国外交档案为依据

The Cognition and Policy Considerations of the Status of Taiwan in the United States after World War Ⅱ--Based on Foreign Relations of the United States from 1945 to 1950

1945年,中国政府依据《开罗宣言》、《波茨坦公告》和日本投降文书,光复台湾。但随着1949年中国局势剧变,如何定位台湾在其西太平洋战略中的地位以及如何看待国共内战溃败至台湾的国民党当局,并拟定一个长远的对台政策,成为美国政府拟订其亚太战略难以回避的课题。1950年朝鲜战争改变了美国政府一度对台湾地位认知,美国乘机抛出“台湾地位未定论”并公开扶持在台湾的国民党当局。美国战后对台湾地位战略认知的根本改变和“台湾地位未定论”的提出深刻地影响了此后的美国对华政策和两岸关系发展,使台湾问题迄今一直是中美关系最敏感、最核心的问题。

In 1945,the Chinese government recaptured Taiwan in accordance with the Cairo Declaration,the Potsdam Proclamation and the Japan Surrender Instrument.However,with the dramatic changes in China’s situation from 1945 to 1949,how to position Taiwan’s strategic position in the Western Pacific and how to view the defeat of the Communist Civil War to Taiwan’s Kuomintang authorities,and formulate a long-term policy towards Taiwan,has become an unavoidable subject for the U.S.government to formulate its Asia-Pacific strategy.The Korean War,which broke out in 1950,quickly changed the U.S.government’s position on Taiwan’s status or abandonment or preservation,and the U.S.took the opportunity to throw out“Taiwan’s status as uncertain”and publicly support the Kuomintang authorities in Taiwan.The fundamental change of the strategic cognition of Taiwan’s status and the proposal of“Taiwan’s status undetermined”profoundly influenced the development of the U.S.policy toward China and the cross-strait relations since then,making the Taiwan Question the most sensitive and central issue of Sino-US relations.