从焦虑到平衡——心理学视阈中莫里斯·桑达克绘本的幻想性叙事

From Anxiety to Calm--A Psychoanalytic Study on the Fantasy of Maurice Sandak's Picture Books

借用皮亚杰关于儿童心理学的相关理论,可对莫里斯·桑达克的绘本三部曲作出更深入的解读。在文本层面,儿童的焦虑是三部曲的重要主题,其产生的原因在于成人在儿童成长历程中的缺席。儿童形象用以缓解焦虑的方式均为进行幻想性的游戏活动,从而在更广阔的时空背景下舒张负面情绪、缓解心理压力。就现实层面而言,这种幻想性叙事符合儿童的认知发展心理,即在感受到外界刺激时采用同化与顺化的方式将现实纳入自身的思维框架并根据现实对其进行调整从而达到心理的平衡、完成自我发展与成长。因此,幻想性叙事与儿童认知发展心理的契合建构了桑达克绘本的艺术魅力。

Based on Piaget’s theory of child psychology,we can make a deeper interpretation on the trilogy of Maurice Sandak’s picture books.In the trilogy,children’s anxiety is an important theme,which is caused by the absence of adults in their growth process.These images of children play imaginary games in a wider space to relax their negative feelings.As far as reality is concerned,this kind of fantasy narrative accords with children’s cognitive development psychology.That is to say,when feeling the external stimulation,by the way of assimilation and accommodation,they bring the reality into their own thinking framework and adjust it according to the reality to achieve psychological balance and complete their self-development and growth.Therefore,the combination of fantasy narrative and children’s cognitive development psychology constructs the artistic charm of Sandak’s picture books.