新冠肺炎疫情不同时期护理人员的心理状况调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and Analysis of Psychological Factors of Nurses in Different Periods of COVID-19

目的比较新型冠状病毒肺炎暴发期和缓解期护理人员的心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用SCL-90量表回顾性调查护理人员在暴发期(2020年2月)及缓解期(2020年3月)的心理健康状况,并使用线性回归分析护理人员心理状况变化的影响因素。结果本次回收有效问卷312份,有效率为96.9%。暴发期和缓解期SCL-90量表的总体评分分别为(1.65±0.42)和(1.52±0.47),暴发期的总体得分高于缓解期和常模水平(1.43±0.51)(P<0.05或<0.01)。其他9个因子中,除人际关系、偏执2个因子外,暴发期在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖和精神病性等其他7个因子均高于缓解期(P<0.05或<0.01)。缓解期护理人员抑郁及焦虑阳性率均低于暴发期(抑郁:62.50%vs.79.49%;焦虑:63.46%vs.78.85%)(P均<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄为护理人员暴发期至缓解期心理状况转好的促进因素,与新冠肺炎病例(含疑似病例)接触和睡眠质量不佳为护理人员暴发期至缓解期心理状况转好的不良因素(P均<0.05)。结论缓解期护理人员的心理健康状况优于暴发期。针对高危人群,如低龄、与新冠肺炎病例(含疑似病例)接触及睡眠质量不佳的护理人员,更应注重其心理状况,必要时进行心理疏导及干预。

Objective To compare the nurses’mental health condition during outbreak(February)and remission(March)stages of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and analyze influence factors.Methods Symptom checklist-90(SCL-90)was used to retrospectively analyze nurses’mental health condition in the outbreak and remission stages,influence factors by chi square test and multiple linear regression analysis was performed.Results All 312 nurses were investigated.The top scores of SCL-90 in the outbreak(1.65±0.42)were higher than remission stages(1.52±0.47)and normative score(1.43±0.51))(P<0.05或<0.01).Positive rates of dumps and anxiety in remission stage were significantly lower than positive rates in outbreak stage(rate of dumps:62.50%vs.79.49%;rate of anxiety:63.46%vs.78.85%).Rates of anxiety were 78.85%and 63.43%respectively.Univariate analysis showed novel coronavirus pneumonia(including suspected cases),younger age,fever clinic,poor sleep condition,less physical exercise and underlying diseases were positively correlated with SCL-90 total score(P all<0.05),all of which were the obstacles to mental health.Multivariate analysis showed that novel coronavirus pneumonia was associated with a favorable psychological status in the outbreak stage of the nursing staff,and the risk factors for the improvement of psychological status of the nursing staff from the outbreak stage to the remission stage were all bad(P all<0.05).Conclusion The mental health status of nurses in remission period is better than that in outbreak period.For high-risk groups,novel coronavirus pneumonia cases,including those with suspected cases,and poor sleep quality,they should pay more attention to their psychological status,and conduct psychological counseling and intervention when necessary.