北京地区不同喂养方式婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性分析

Diversity of intestinal microflora in infants with different feeding methods in Beijing

目的探讨不同喂养方式对0~3岁婴幼儿肠道微生物的影响,以及喂养方式引起的肠道菌群变化与婴幼儿的年龄和分娩方式之间的相关性。方法选取221例0~3岁北京地区健康婴幼儿肠道粪便样品,按照哺乳方式,将这些样品分为4组:纯母乳组(B),纯奶粉组(F),以母乳为主、奶粉和辅食为辅组(BP),以奶粉为主、辅食为辅(NB)。其中B组44例、F组29例、BP组108例、NB组40例。利用16S微生物多样性测序技术分析了不同喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道微生物的丰度影响。结果在物种组成上,没有摄入母乳的NB组,门水平上优势菌的含量变化明显。厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门4大优势菌的总含量明显低于B组、BP组和F组。在属水平上B组、BP组和F组相互比较, F组双歧杆菌属和拟杆菌属的含量显著下降,但粪杆菌属、罕见小球菌属等厌氧菌的含量升高。主成分分析的结果表明, NB组和B组的距离最远, F组与BP组的距离最近。F组与B组的差异要大于BP组与B组的差异,说明,与纯母乳喂养的婴幼儿相比,奶粉喂养的婴幼儿其肠道微生物的变化要大于辅以母乳摄入的婴幼儿。同时,关联性分析表明分娩方式与喂养方式和婴幼儿年龄在影响肠道菌群的丰富度上密切相关。结论出生前3年的饮食组成和模式会显著影响肠道微生物群的多样性,这种多样性变化与婴幼儿的年龄和分娩方式均具有密切的相关性。

Objective To explore the effects of different feeding methods on intestinal microflora of 0-3 years old infants,and the correlation between the changes of intestinal microflora caused by feeding methods and the age and delivery mode of infants.Methods The total fecal samples of 221 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years in Beijing were selected and divided into 4 groups according to the mode of lactation:pure breast milk group(NB),pure milk powder group(F),breast milk based group with formula milk powder and complementary food as supplement group(BP),formula milk based group with complementary foods supplement(NB).There were 44 cases in group B,29 cases in group F,108 cases in group BP and 40 cases in group NB.16 S microbial diversity sequencing technology was used to analyze the effects of different feeding mode on intestinal microbial abundance of infants.Results In terms of species composition,the content of dominant bacteria in NB group without breast milk intake changed significantly at the phylum level.The total content of four dominant bacteria,namely,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes,was significantly lower than that of group B,group BP and group F.At the genus level,the contents of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in group F were significantly lower than those in group B and BP,but the contents of anaerobic bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum increased.The results of principal component analysis(PCA)showed that the distance between group NB and group B was the farthest and the difference was the largest;the distance between group F and group BP was the closest.The difference between group F and group B was greater than that between group BP and group B,which indicated that the changes of intestinal microflora in formula fed infants were greater than those in infants supplemented with breast milk intake.At the same time,correlation analysis showed that delivery mode,feeding mode and infant age were closely related to the abundance of intestinal flora.Conclusion Dietary composition and pattern in the first 3 years of life significantly affect the diversity of intestinal microflora,which is closely related to the age of infants and the mode of delivery.