畜禽粪污资源化利用的政策逻辑及实现路径

The policy logic and realization path of utilization of livestock and poultry excrement

开展畜禽粪污资源化利用,促进畜牧业绿色可持续发展,关系畜禽产品有效供给和农村居民生产生活环境改善,是全面建成小康社会的重要举措。基于畜禽粪污资源化利用政策的理论基础和现实驱动,阐明开展畜禽粪污资源化利用的政策逻辑,梳理现有政策,分析政策实施存在的问题,探讨畜禽粪污资源化利用实现路径。结果表明,畜禽粪污资源化利用政策源于生态、价值和经济等理论,是在环境、资源、市场和技术等多重因素驱动下形成的。我国畜禽粪污资源化利用政策经历了萌芽期、平稳发展期、快速发展期三个阶段,畜禽粪污治理政策演变具有治理政策向资源化利用政策转变;指令性政策向激励性政策转变;政策接受主体和政策工具向多元化转变的特征。但目前还存在积极性不高、监测体系欠完善、市场体系尚未形成等问题。因此,为实现畜禽粪污资源化利用,提出普及推广资源化利用技术、提高资源化利用积极性、构建市场交易体系、加强资源化利用数据监测等路径。

The recycling of livestock and poultry excrement and the green and sustainable development of animal husbandry is an important measure to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.It relates to the effective supply of products and the improvement of production and living environment.Based on the theory and reality of the policy of resource utilization,this paper examines the logic behind the policy of resource utilization,identifies the problems existing in the implementation of the policy,and discusses the realization path of resource utilization.Results show that this policy comes from the theories of ecology,values and economics and it is driven by multiple factors such as environment,resources,market and technology.China’s utilization policy has experienced three stages:starting period,stable development,and rapid growth.This policy changed from reactive treatment to active resource utilization,from mandatory enforcement to incentive for performance focus,and policy participants and policy tools being more diverse.However,there are still some problems,including low enthusiasm,imperfect monitoring system,and incomplete market system.To realize resource utilization,this paper suggests popularizing technology,improving enthusiasm,building transaction system,and strengthening data monitoring.