健康码的法律之维

Legal Dimension of Health QR Code

作为中国应对新冠疫情下社会流动的重要尝试,健康码不仅是一项数字技术,还是一套法律制度。从组织法面向上,健康码是"政府作为平台"的典型例证,行政机关应提升包容性并建立与"整体政府"相一致的组织架构。在行为法面向上,健康码是自动化行政的重要应用,鉴于其对公民自由的实质影响,健康码应满足算法解释和算法审计的双重要求。在数据法面向上,健康码是数据治理的关键一环,为兼顾公共利益和个体权利,亟待设立统一、独立、专业的个人信息保护机构,实现数据生命周期中不同阶段的动态平衡。作为紧急状态的紧急措施,健康码不可常态化,在全球疫情大幅缓解后,健康码须脱离强制性,成为公民自愿选择的公共服务,相关个人信息亦应及时删除或匿名化。

The health QR code is an important attempt in China dueling with social mobility under COVID-19 epidemic.It is not only a digital technology,but also a legal system.From the perspective of organic law,this QR code is a typical example of government as a platform.The administrative agencies should enhance its inclusiveness and establish an organizational structure consistent with the wholeof-government approach.In the aspect of behavior law,the health code is an important application of automated administration.In consideration of the substantial impact the QR codes have on civil liberties,the algorithm behind should meet the dual requirements of interpretation and audit.In terms of data law,the health code is a crucial element of data management.To balance individual rights and public interests,it is urgent to establish unified,independent,and professional agencies for personal information protection,so that a dynamic balance at different stages of the data lifecycle could be achieved.As a measure taken on an emergency basis,the health code cannot be normalized.When the epidemic is greatly alleviated,the health code system must be free from mandatory but become a voluntary public service,and the related personal information should also be deleted or anonymized in time.