我国31省市卫生资源配置与利用的公平性分析

Analysis on the Fairness of Health Resource Allocation and Utilization in 31 Provinces and Cities in China

目的衡量我国31省市卫生资源配置和卫生服务利用方面的公平性,以实现卫生资源的合理配置,有效满足人们日益增长的卫生服务需求。方法利用中国国家统计年鉴及卫生和计划生育统计年鉴数据,对卫生资源配置和卫生服务利用进行集中指数的定量分析。结果2016年我国31省市医疗卫生机构、卫技人员、医疗床位配置的集中指数分别是-0.0869,0.0497和-0.0084;门诊服务利用的集中指数为0.1462,住院服务利用的集中指数为0.0117。1998—2016年集中指数呈现出下降趋势,即卫生资源的配置和利用越来越公平。结论政府要加强卫生区域规划,合理配置我国地区间卫生资源,加快组建医联体步伐,实现分级诊疗,提高居民卫生服务利用效率。

Objective To measure the fairness of health resource allocation and utilization of health services in 31 provinces and cities in China,in order to achieve rational allocation of health resources and effectively meet the gro-wing demand for health services.Methods Using the China National Statistical Yearbook and the Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook data,a quantitative analysis of the concentration index of health resource allocation and health service utilization was conducted.Results In 2016,the concentration index of medical and health institutions,health technicians and medical beds in 31 provinces and municipalities was-0.0869,0.0497 and-0.0084 respectively.The concentration index of outpatient service utilization was 0.1462,and the concentration index of inpatient ser-vice utilization was 0.0117.From 1998 to 2016,the concentration index showed a downward trend,which was more and more fair.Conclusion The government should strengthen health district planning,rationally allocate regional health resources in China,accelerate the establishment of medical associations,achieve graded diagnosis and treatment,and improve the utilization efficiency of residents'health services.