“品”的音律限定与可控空间——以我国新疆少数民族乐器弹拨尔为例

The Temperament Limit and Controllable Space of"Pin"——Taking the Tan Bo Er of Minorities in Xinjiang as an Example

琉特类乐器的“品”限定了乐器的音程关系,然而又给实际演奏带来了一定的音律可控空间。在限定与可控之间,演奏者对品、乐器音响性能进行了个性化的诠释和挖掘。本文以当代新疆弹拨尔为例,通过对音乐实例中弹拨尔的测音,同时,结合其品位、音响性能以及调控音高的技法,探求在“品”的限定下弹拨尔实际演奏中存在的音律可控空间。并且,通过对弹拨尔形态、名称流变的考证以及部分清代文献记载的梳理,力求找到其古今音律形态可能存在的渊源关系。

The"pin"of the lute instruments defines their interval relationship,but it also brings some controllable space for the actual performance.Between the limitation and the controllability,the performer interprets and excavates the pin and sound of the instrument.This paper takes the contemporary Xinjiang tanboer as an example to explore the controllable space of tonal music in the actual performance under the limitation of"pin"by testing its tone,combining its pin setting,sound quality,and pitch control techniques.In addition,through the research on the shape and name change of the tanboer,as well as combing through of some documents in Qing Dynasty,we try to find out the possible relationship between the ancient and modern temperament forms.