北斗系统定位性能分析

BDS Positioning Performance Analysis

北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)已深入各行各业,其发展极大地促进了我国综合实力的提升,目前北斗三号系统也已初步具备全球导航定位的能力.在BDS测量尤其是在动态数据采集过程中,经常会发生数据不完整的情况,从而降低了BDS定位精度.本文对数据不完整情况下的BDS静态定位和动态定位展开研究,结果表明:点位精度在缺失中圆地球轨道(MEO)卫星和倾斜地球同步轨道(IGSO)卫星的情况下比缺失地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星下降更明显;在视野开阔地带,BDS的卫星较多,定位结果与全球定位系统(GPS)的定位结果相当;在信号遮挡较严重地带,BDS卫星缺失严重,定位结果劣于GPS,且BDS点位偏差较大;天气对BDS定位性能存在一定的影响,雨天时BDS存在数据缺失,定位结果劣于晴天.

The Bei Dou Satellite Navigation System(BDS)is now found in all walks of life.Its fast development has greatly contributed to the overall strength of China.Now,the BeiDou-3 system is able to provide global navigation and positioning services.In BDS measurement,especially in collection of dynamic data,the BDS data is often found incomplete,which makes the BDS location less accurate.This paper studies and analyzes the static and dynamic positioning capabilities of the BDS based on incomplete data.The results show that the accuracy of point position is significantly lower in the absence of the medium earth orbit(MEO)satellites and inclined geosynchronous orbit(IGSO)satellites than in the absence of geosynchronous equatorial orbit(GEO)satellites.In an open area,the number of satellites of the BDS is sufficient to provide the same accuracy as the GPS.In an area where the signal occlusion is serious,however,the BDS is in serious short of satellites and provides lower accuracy than the GPS,with a larger deviation of position.In addition,the weather can impact the BDS positioning performance to some extent.The BDS data is incomplete on raining days and the BDS positioning is of lower accuracy than on sunny days and at nights.