基于有限元分析的某电动汽车车身轻量化设计

Lightweight Design of an Electric Vehicle Body Based on Finite Element Analysis

以企业提供的某款电动汽车为研究对象,对车身进行轻量化设计。在HyperMesh中建立整车的有限元模型,进行车身的静态刚度和模态仿真。根据仿真结果,选出适合轻量化的钣金件并进行灵敏度分析,对车身质量灵敏度较高同时对车身刚度以及模态灵敏度较低的钣金件进行轻量化。以板厚为设计变量,车身的刚度和模态为约束条件,车身质量最小为目标进行轻量化,使车身减质7.38kg。通过车身轻量化前后的性能对比分析,轻量化后车身的刚度、强度和NVH性能均符合要求,且浮动量在企业要求范围内。

Taking a certain electric vehicle provided by the company as a research object,the vehicle body is lightly designed.The finite element model of the whole vehicle is built in HyperMesh to simulate the static stiffness and modality of the vehicle body.According to the simulation results,the sheet metal parts suitable for lightweighting are selected and sensitivity analysis is performed,and the sheet metal parts with high body mass sensitivity but low body rigidity and low modal sensitivity are lightened.With the plate thickness as the design variable,the stiffness and modality of the body are constrained,and the body mass is minimized to reduce the weight,so that the body weight loss is 7.38 kg.Through comparative analysis of the performance before and after lightweighting,the rigidity,strength and NVH performance of the lightweight body meet the requirements,and the floating amount is within the requirements of the enterprise.